Common Hindi adjectives and their meanings in Hindi Grammar

Learning a new language can be a challenging yet rewarding experience. One of the most crucial aspects of mastering any language is understanding its adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, providing more detail and making conversations more vivid and interesting. Hindi, one of the most spoken languages in the world, is rich with descriptive words that can greatly enhance your linguistic skills. In this article, we’ll explore some common Hindi adjectives, their meanings, and how they can be used in everyday conversation. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to brush up on your skills, this guide will help you expand your Hindi vocabulary.

Basic Adjectives

Starting with the basics, let’s look at some of the most commonly used adjectives in Hindi. These words are essential for everyday conversation and will provide a strong foundation for your language learning journey.

अच्छा (Achha) – Good
This is one of the most frequently used adjectives in Hindi. It can describe anything positive, from a good day to a good person.
Example: यह खाना अच्छा है। (Yeh khana achha hai.) – This food is good.

बुरा (Bura) – Bad
The opposite of “achha,” this word is used to describe something negative.
Example: यह मौसम बुरा है। (Yeh mausam bura hai.) – The weather is bad.

बड़ा (Bada) – Big
This adjective is used to describe something large in size.
Example: यह घर बड़ा है। (Yeh ghar bada hai.) – This house is big.

छोटा (Chhota) – Small
The opposite of “bada,” this word describes something small in size.
Example: यह कमरा छोटा है। (Yeh kamra chhota hai.) – This room is small.

सुंदर (Sundar) – Beautiful
This adjective is used to describe something aesthetically pleasing.
Example: वह लड़की सुंदर है। (Woh ladki sundar hai.) – That girl is beautiful.

कुरूप (Kurup) – Ugly
The opposite of “sundar,” this word describes something that is not pleasing to the eye.
Example: यह चित्र कुरूप है। (Yeh chitra kurup hai.) – This picture is ugly.

Adjectives Describing Emotions

Emotions are an integral part of any language, and Hindi is no different. Knowing how to describe feelings can greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively.

खुश (Khush) – Happy
This word is used to describe a state of happiness or joy.
Example: मैं बहुत खुश हूँ। (Main bahut khush hoon.) – I am very happy.

दुखी (Dukhi) – Sad
The opposite of “khush,” this word describes a state of sadness.
Example: वह दुखी है। (Woh dukhi hai.) – He/She is sad.

गुस्सा (Gussa) – Angry
This adjective is used to describe a state of anger.
Example: वह गुस्सा है। (Woh gussa hai.) – He/She is angry.

डर (Dar) – Fear
This word describes a state of fear or being afraid.
Example: मुझे डर लग रहा है। (Mujhe dar lag raha hai.) – I am feeling scared.

शांत (Shaant) – Calm
This adjective is used to describe a state of calmness or peace.
Example: वह बहुत शांत है। (Woh bahut shaant hai.) – He/She is very calm.

Adjectives Describing Time

Time-related adjectives are crucial for discussing schedules, plans, and events. Here are some common Hindi adjectives related to time.

पुराना (Purana) – Old
This word is used to describe something that has existed for a long time.
Example: यह किताब पुरानी है। (Yeh kitaab purani hai.) – This book is old.

नया (Naya) – New
The opposite of “purana,” this word describes something that has recently come into existence.
Example: यह कार नई है। (Yeh car nayi hai.) – This car is new.

ताजा (Taza) – Fresh
This adjective is often used to describe food items that are fresh.
Example: यह फल ताजा है। (Yeh phal taza hai.) – This fruit is fresh.

पुराना (Purana) – Stale
The opposite of “taza,” this word describes something that is no longer fresh.
Example: यह रोटी पुरानी है। (Yeh roti purani hai.) – This bread is stale.

जल्दी (Jaldi) – Early
This word is used to describe something happening sooner than expected.
Example: मैं जल्दी उठता हूँ। (Main jaldi uthta hoon.) – I wake up early.

देर (Der) – Late
The opposite of “jaldi,” this word describes something happening later than expected.
Example: वह देर से आया। (Woh der se aaya.) – He came late.

Adjectives Describing Quantity

Understanding adjectives related to quantity can help you describe amounts and measurements more precisely.

कम (Kam) – Less
This adjective is used to describe a smaller amount of something.
Example: पानी कम है। (Pani kam hai.) – There is less water.

ज्यादा (Zyada) – More
The opposite of “kam,” this word describes a larger amount of something.
Example: चीनी ज्यादा है। (Cheeni zyada hai.) – There is more sugar.

थोड़ा (Thoda) – Few
This adjective is used to describe a small number of something.
Example: थोड़े लोग आए। (Thode log aaye.) – Few people came.

बहुत (Bahut) – Many
The opposite of “thoda,” this word describes a large number of something.
Example: बहुत लोग आए। (Bahut log aaye.) – Many people came.

Adjectives Describing Quality

Quality-related adjectives help in describing the nature or characteristics of an object or person.

मजबूत (Mazboot) – Strong
This word is used to describe something that has strength.
Example: यह रस्सी मजबूत है। (Yeh rassi mazboot hai.) – This rope is strong.

कमजोर (Kamzor) – Weak
The opposite of “mazboot,” this word describes something that lacks strength.
Example: वह लड़का कमजोर है। (Woh ladka kamzor hai.) – That boy is weak.

साफ (Saaf) – Clean
This adjective is used to describe something that is free from dirt or impurities.
Example: यह कमरा साफ है। (Yeh kamra saaf hai.) – This room is clean.

गंदा (Ganda) – Dirty
The opposite of “saaf,” this word describes something that is not clean.
Example: यह कपड़ा गंदा है। (Yeh kapda ganda hai.) – This cloth is dirty.

मीठा (Meetha) – Sweet
This word is often used to describe the taste of food.
Example: यह मिठाई मीठी है। (Yeh mithai meethi hai.) – This sweet is sweet.

कड़वा (Kadwa) – Bitter
The opposite of “meetha,” this word describes a bitter taste.
Example: यह दवा कड़वी है। (Yeh dawa kadwi hai.) – This medicine is bitter.

Adjectives Describing Appearance

Appearance-related adjectives help in describing how someone or something looks.

लंबा (Lamba) – Tall
This word is used to describe someone or something with great height.
Example: वह लड़का लंबा है। (Woh ladka lamba hai.) – That boy is tall.

छोटा (Chhota) – Short
The opposite of “lamba,” this word describes someone or something with lesser height.
Example: वह लड़की छोटी है। (Woh ladki chhoti hai.) – That girl is short.

मोटा (Mota) – Fat
This adjective is used to describe someone or something that is overweight.
Example: वह आदमी मोटा है। (Woh aadmi mota hai.) – That man is fat.

पतला (Patla) – Thin
The opposite of “mota,” this word describes someone or something that is not overweight.
Example: वह लड़की पतली है। (Woh ladki patli hai.) – That girl is thin.

सुंदर (Sundar) – Beautiful
This word is used to describe someone or something that is pleasing to look at.
Example: वह बगीचा सुंदर है। (Woh bagicha sundar hai.) – That garden is beautiful.

कुरूप (Kurup) – Ugly
The opposite of “sundar,” this word describes someone or something that is not pleasing to look at.
Example: वह इमारत कुरूप है। (Woh imarat kurup hai.) – That building is ugly.

Adjectives Describing Age

Age-related adjectives help in describing how old someone or something is.

पुराना (Purana) – Old
This word is used to describe something that has existed for a long time.
Example: यह घड़ी पुरानी है। (Yeh ghadi purani hai.) – This watch is old.

नया (Naya) – New
The opposite of “purana,” this word describes something that has recently come into existence.
Example: यह फोन नया है। (Yeh phone naya hai.) – This phone is new.

बूढ़ा (Boodha) – Old (Age)
This word is used to describe an elderly person.
Example: वह आदमी बूढ़ा है। (Woh aadmi boodha hai.) – That man is old.

युवा (Yuva) – Young
The opposite of “boodha,” this word describes someone who is young.
Example: वह लड़का युवा है। (Woh ladka yuva hai.) – That boy is young.

बालक (Balak) – Child
This word is used to describe a young child.
Example: वह बालक खेल रहा है। (Woh balak khel raha hai.) – That child is playing.

प्रौढ़ (Praudh) – Adult
This word is used to describe an adult person.
Example: वह प्रौढ़ व्यक्ति है। (Woh praudh vyakti hai.) – That person is an adult.

Adjectives Describing Weather

Weather-related adjectives are essential for discussing the climate and making plans.

गर्म (Garm) – Hot
This word is used to describe high temperatures.
Example: आज मौसम गर्म है। (Aaj mausam garm hai.) – The weather is hot today.

ठंडा (Thanda) – Cold
The opposite of “garm,” this word describes low temperatures.
Example: आज मौसम ठंडा है। (Aaj mausam thanda hai.) – The weather is cold today.

बरसाती (Barsati) – Rainy
This adjective is used to describe weather conditions involving rain.
Example: आज बरसाती मौसम है। (Aaj barsati mausam hai.) – It is a rainy day today.

सुखा (Sukha) – Dry
The opposite of “barsati,” this word describes weather with no rain.
Example: आज सुखा मौसम है। (Aaj sukha mausam hai.) – It is a dry day today.

धूप (Dhoop) – Sunny
This word is used to describe bright, sunny weather.
Example: आज धूप वाला दिन है। (Aaj dhoop wala din hai.) – It is a sunny day today.

बादल (Badal) – Cloudy
The opposite of “dhoop,” this word describes overcast weather.
Example: आज बादल वाला दिन है। (Aaj badal wala din hai.) – It is a cloudy day today.

Adjectives Describing Taste

Taste-related adjectives help in describing flavors and making food-related discussions more engaging.

मीठा (Meetha) – Sweet
This word is used to describe a sugary taste.
Example: यह मिठाई मीठी है। (Yeh mithai meethi hai.) – This sweet is sweet.

कड़वा (Kadwa) – Bitter
The opposite of “meetha,” this word describes a bitter taste.
Example: यह दवा कड़वी है। (Yeh dawa kadwi hai.) – This medicine is bitter.

नमकीन (Namkeen) – Salty
This adjective is used to describe a salty taste.
Example: यह चिप्स नमकीन है। (Yeh chips namkeen hai.) – These chips are salty.

खट्टा (Khatta) – Sour
This word is used to describe a sour taste.
Example: यह नींबू खट्टा है। (Yeh neemboo khatta hai.) – This lemon is sour.

मसालेदार (Masaledar) – Spicy
This adjective is used to describe a spicy taste.
Example: यह करी मसालेदार है। (Yeh curry masaledar hai.) – This curry is spicy.

फीका (Feeka) – Bland
The opposite of “masaledar,” this word describes a lack of strong taste.
Example: यह खाना फीका है। (Yeh khana feeka hai.) – This food is bland.

Conclusion

Adjectives are the building blocks of descriptive language, allowing you to add depth and detail to your conversations. By learning these common Hindi adjectives, you can enhance your ability to communicate more effectively and vividly. Whether you are describing a person, an object, an emotion, or a situation, these adjectives will come in handy. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find yourself using these words naturally in your everyday conversations. Happy learning!