Conjunctions are the glue that holds sentences together, allowing us to express complex ideas and relationships between different parts of a sentence. In the realm of conjunctions, those that express purpose are particularly fascinating and useful. These conjunctions help us explain why something happens or why someone does something. Understanding and using these conjunctions correctly can significantly enhance your writing and speaking skills in English.
Common Conjunctions Expressing Purpose
When we talk about conjunctions that express purpose, we are referring to words or phrases that connect clauses to indicate the reason or intention behind an action. Here are some of the most common conjunctions used to express purpose in English:
1. So that
“So that” is one of the most frequently used conjunctions to express purpose. It connects two clauses, where the first clause describes an action and the second clause explains the reason for that action.
Example:
– She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.
In this sentence, “so that” links the action of studying hard with the purpose of passing the exam.
2. In order to
“In order to” is a more formal way to express purpose. It is often used in written English and can be interchanged with “so that” in many contexts. It is usually followed by a verb in its base form.
Example:
– He saved money in order to buy a new car.
Here, “in order to” connects the action of saving money with the purpose of buying a new car.
3. To
“To” is a very common and simple way to express purpose. It is less formal than “in order to” and is often used in everyday conversation.
Example:
– She went to the store to buy some groceries.
In this case, “to” links the action of going to the store with the purpose of buying groceries.
4. For the purpose of
“For the purpose of” is a more formal and explicit way to express purpose. It is often used in academic or professional writing.
Example:
– The committee was formed for the purpose of improving community relations.
Here, “for the purpose of” clearly states the reason behind the formation of the committee.
Using Conjunctions Expressing Purpose Correctly
While using these conjunctions, it’s essential to ensure that the sentences are grammatically correct and that the purpose is clear. Here are some tips and examples to help you use these conjunctions effectively.
1. Ensure Subject Consistency
When using “so that,” “in order to,” and “to,” make sure that the subject of both clauses is the same or clearly understood.
Incorrect:
– She opened the window so that fresh air can enter.
Correct:
– She opened the window so that fresh air could enter.
In the incorrect sentence, “she” opened the window, but the subject of the second clause is “fresh air,” which creates inconsistency. The correct version maintains the same subject.
2. Matching Verb Tenses
When using these conjunctions, ensure that the verb tenses in both clauses match and make sense together.
Incorrect:
– He will call you so that he gets your address.
Correct:
– He will call you so that he can get your address.
In the incorrect sentence, “will call” (future tense) does not match “gets” (present tense). The correct version matches the future tense with “can get.”
3. Avoid Redundancy
Avoid using redundant phrases that repeat the purpose already expressed by the conjunction.
Incorrect:
– She brought an umbrella so that she can stay dry in case it rains.
Correct:
– She brought an umbrella so that she can stay dry.
The phrase “in case it rains” is redundant because “so that she can stay dry” already implies the purpose.
Advanced Usage of Conjunctions Expressing Purpose
For advanced learners, understanding the subtle differences between these conjunctions and using them appropriately in various contexts can add sophistication to your language skills.
1. So that vs. In order to
While “so that” and “in order to” can often be used interchangeably, “so that” is more versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. “In order to” is more formal and is typically used in writing.
Example:
– He left early so that he could catch the train. (Informal and formal)
– He left early in order to catch the train. (More formal)
2. Using Modals with So that
When using “so that,” it is common to include modal verbs like “can,” “could,” “may,” or “might” in the purpose clause to indicate ability, possibility, or permission.
Example:
– She is studying hard so that she can get into a good college.
– They left early so that they might avoid traffic.
3. For the purpose of + Gerund
“For the purpose of” is often followed by a gerund (a verb ending in -ing) to express the reason behind an action. This construction is more formal and is suitable for academic or official contexts.
Example:
– The policy was revised for the purpose of improving efficiency.
– The funds were allocated for the purpose of building new schools.
Exercises to Practice Conjunctions Expressing Purpose
To master the use of conjunctions expressing purpose, practice is essential. Here are some exercises to help you get started:
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following sentences using “so that,” “in order to,” “to,” or “for the purpose of.”
1. She turned off the lights __________ save electricity.
2. He is taking extra classes __________ he can improve his grades.
3. They conducted the survey __________ gathering more data.
4. We need to leave now __________ we don’t miss the flight.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the Sentences
Rewrite the following sentences to use a different conjunction expressing purpose.
1. She is going to the gym so that she can stay fit.
2. He studied all night to finish the project.
3. The company implemented new policies for the purpose of increasing productivity.
4. They moved to the countryside in order to enjoy a quieter life.
Exercise 3: Correct the Errors
Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.
1. He called her so that she will know the news.
2. She saved money to she could buy a new laptop.
3. We went to the store so that buying some groceries.
4. He is writing a book in order to he can share his experiences.
Conclusion
Mastering conjunctions that express purpose is crucial for enhancing both your written and spoken English. These conjunctions allow you to clearly convey the reasons behind actions and decisions, making your communication more precise and effective. By practicing the use of “so that,” “in order to,” “to,” and “for the purpose of,” you can add depth and clarity to your language skills.
Remember, consistency in subject and verb tense is key to using these conjunctions correctly. Avoid redundancy to keep your sentences clear and concise. With practice and attention to detail, you’ll be able to use these conjunctions effortlessly, adding sophistication to your English communication.
So, practice diligently, and soon, using conjunctions to express purpose will become second nature to you. Happy learning!
