In the English language, conjunctions are essential tools that help us connect words, phrases, and clauses to convey our thoughts coherently. Among the different types of conjunctions, *conjunctions of purpose* hold a special place. They are used to express the *intention* or *purpose* behind an action or statement. This article delves into the various conjunctions of purpose, their usage, and examples to help language learners master this aspect of English grammar.
Understanding Conjunctions of Purpose
Conjunctions of purpose are words or phrases that link clauses to indicate why something is done. These conjunctions help the speaker or writer explain the *reason* or *intention* behind an action. Here are the most commonly used conjunctions of purpose in English:
1. **So that**
2. **In order that**
3. **In order to**
4. **So as to**
5. **For the purpose of**
6. **For the sake of**
Each of these conjunctions has unique characteristics and is used in different contexts. Let’s explore each one in detail.
1. So That
“So that” is one of the most frequently used conjunctions of purpose. It is used to show the *reason* or *intention* behind an action. This conjunction is typically followed by a clause containing a subject and a verb.
**Example:**
– She studied hard **so that** she could pass the exam.
In this sentence, “so that” connects the action of studying hard with the purpose of passing the exam. It is important to note that “so that” can often be followed by a modal verb (can, could, may, might, etc.), especially when expressing capability or possibility.
**Example:**
– I saved money **so that** I could buy a new car.
2. In Order That
“In order that” is a more formal conjunction of purpose. It serves the same function as “so that” but is often used in formal writing and speech. Like “so that,” it is followed by a clause containing a subject and a verb.
**Example:**
– The company invested in new technology **in order that** it might improve productivity.
Here, “in order that” links the company’s investment with the purpose of improving productivity. This conjunction is typically followed by a modal verb when expressing an intention or possibility.
**Example:**
– She took extra classes **in order that** she might enhance her skills.
3. In Order To
“In order to” is used to express the purpose of an action. Unlike “so that” and “in order that,” it is followed by an infinitive verb (to + base form of the verb). This conjunction is often used in both formal and informal contexts.
**Example:**
– He woke up early **in order to** catch the first train.
In this sentence, “in order to” connects the action of waking up early with the purpose of catching the first train.
**Example:**
– She saved money **in order to** buy a new laptop.
4. So As To
“So as to” is another conjunction of purpose that is followed by an infinitive verb. It is similar to “in order to” but is considered slightly more formal.
**Example:**
– He left the office early **so as to** avoid the traffic.
In this sentence, “so as to” connects the action of leaving the office early with the purpose of avoiding traffic.
**Example:**
– She spoke slowly **so as to** be clearly understood.
5. For the Purpose Of
“For the purpose of” is a more explicit way of expressing the purpose of an action. It is followed by a gerund (verb + -ing) and is often used in formal writing.
**Example:**
– The committee was formed **for the purpose of** improving community relations.
In this sentence, “for the purpose of” explains why the committee was formed, linking it to the goal of improving community relations.
**Example:**
– They conducted the survey **for the purpose of** gathering data.
6. For the Sake Of
“For the sake of” is used to indicate that something is done to achieve a particular result or benefit. It is followed by a noun or gerund.
**Example:**
– She sacrificed her career **for the sake of** her family.
In this sentence, “for the sake of” explains the reason behind sacrificing her career, linking it to the benefit of her family.
**Example:**
– He endured the pain **for the sake of** finishing the race.
Using Conjunctions of Purpose Correctly
Understanding the nuances of each conjunction of purpose is crucial for using them correctly in sentences. Here are some tips to help you master their usage:
1. Pay Attention to Formality
Some conjunctions of purpose are more formal than others. “In order that” and “for the purpose of” are typically used in formal writing and speech, while “so that” and “in order to” can be used in both formal and informal contexts. Choose the conjunction that matches the formality of your communication.
**Example:**
– Formal: The project was initiated **in order that** the team might achieve its goals.
– Informal: I took a day off **so that** I could relax.
2. Use Modal Verbs Appropriately
When using “so that” and “in order that,” it is common to follow them with a modal verb to indicate capability, possibility, or intention.
**Example:**
– She brought an umbrella **so that** she wouldn’t get wet.
– They organized the event **in order that** everyone might enjoy it.
3. Follow the Correct Structure
Ensure that you follow the correct grammatical structure for each conjunction of purpose. “In order to” and “so as to” should be followed by an infinitive verb, while “for the purpose of” should be followed by a gerund.
**Example:**
– Correct: He exercised daily **in order to** stay fit.
– Incorrect: He exercised daily **in order to** staying fit.
**Example:**
– Correct: They met **for the purpose of** discussing the project.
– Incorrect: They met **for the purpose of** discuss the project.
4. Avoid Redundancy
Be mindful of redundancy when using conjunctions of purpose. Avoid repeating the same idea in different words.
**Example:**
– Redundant: She practiced every day **in order to** improve her skills **so that** she could perform well.
– Concise: She practiced every day **in order to** improve her skills.
Practice Exercises
To solidify your understanding of conjunctions of purpose, try these practice exercises. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunction of purpose.
1. He studied all night _______ pass the exam.
2. They moved to the countryside _______ enjoy a quieter life.
3. She spoke clearly _______ everyone could understand her.
4. The organization was established _______ providing support to underprivileged communities.
5. He wore a coat _______ stay warm in the cold weather.
**Answers:**
1. **in order to**
2. **so as to**
3. **so that**
4. **for the purpose of**
5. **so that**
Conclusion
Mastering conjunctions of purpose is essential for expressing intentions and reasons effectively in English. By understanding the nuances of each conjunction and practicing their usage, language learners can enhance their communication skills and convey their thoughts more clearly. Remember to pay attention to formality, use modal verbs appropriately, follow the correct structure, and avoid redundancy. With consistent practice, you will be able to use conjunctions of purpose with confidence and precision.
