Conjunctions are essential components of the English language that help to connect words, phrases, and clauses. Among the various types of conjunctions, those that express *purpose* hold a special place. These conjunctions indicate the *intent* or *reason* behind an action. Understanding and using them correctly can add depth and clarity to your writing and speaking. This article will delve into the world of conjunctions of purpose, providing examples, rules, and practice exercises to help you master their usage.
What are Conjunctions of Purpose?
Conjunctions of purpose are words or phrases that link actions to their intended outcomes. They answer the question, “Why is this action being done?” In simpler terms, they tell us the purpose behind an action. Some common conjunctions of purpose include:
– **So that**
– **In order to**
– **So as to**
– **For the purpose of**
– **With the intention of**
Each of these conjunctions has unique nuances and specific contexts where they are most appropriately used.
So that
“So that” is one of the most frequently used conjunctions of purpose. It is used to indicate the reason or purpose behind an action. When using “so that,” the clause that follows often contains a modal verb such as “can,” “could,” “may,” or “might.”
Example:
– I brought an umbrella **so that** I wouldn’t get wet.
In this sentence, the purpose of bringing an umbrella is to avoid getting wet.
In order to
“In order to” is a more formal way of expressing purpose. It is often used in written English and can be interchanged with “to” or “so as to” in less formal contexts.
Example:
– She studies hard **in order to** achieve her goals.
Here, the purpose of studying hard is to achieve her goals.
So as to
“So as to” is another formal conjunction of purpose, often used in written English. It is synonymous with “in order to” and is generally used to express the purpose of an action.
Example:
– He left early **so as to** avoid traffic.
In this sentence, the purpose of leaving early is to avoid traffic.
For the purpose of
“For the purpose of” is a phrase that explicitly states the reason behind an action. It is typically used in more formal contexts and often appears in official documents or academic writing.
Example:
– The company implemented new policies **for the purpose of** improving employee satisfaction.
Here, the purpose of implementing new policies is to improve employee satisfaction.
With the intention of
“With the intention of” is a phrase that clearly states the intended outcome of an action. It is commonly used in both spoken and written English.
Example:
– She moved to the city **with the intention of** finding a better job.
In this sentence, the purpose of moving to the city is to find a better job.
How to Use Conjunctions of Purpose
Using conjunctions of purpose correctly involves understanding the structure of sentences and the specific contexts in which these conjunctions are appropriate. Here are some general guidelines and examples to help you use them effectively.
Using “So that”
“So that” is typically followed by a clause containing a modal verb (can, could, may, might, etc.). The structure is:
Main clause + **so that** + subordinate clause (with modal verb)
Examples:
– She saved money **so that** she could buy a new car.
– I will call you **so that** we can discuss the details.
Using “In order to” and “So as to”
Both “in order to” and “so as to” are followed by the base form of a verb (infinitive without “to”). The structure is:
Main clause + **in order to/so as to** + base form of verb
Examples:
– He exercised daily **in order to** stay healthy.
– She whispered **so as to** not disturb the others.
Using “For the purpose of” and “With the intention of”
“For the purpose of” and “with the intention of” are followed by a gerund (verb + -ing). The structure is:
Main clause + **for the purpose of/with the intention of** + gerund
Examples:
– They held a meeting **for the purpose of** discussing the new policy.
– He took the course **with the intention of** improving his skills.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Even though conjunctions of purpose are straightforward, learners often make mistakes when using them. Here are some common errors and tips on how to avoid them.
Incorrect Modal Verbs
One common mistake is using the wrong modal verb after “so that.” Remember that “so that” is usually followed by modals like “can,” “could,” “may,” or “might.”
Incorrect:
– I brought an umbrella **so that** I will not get wet.
Correct:
– I brought an umbrella **so that** I wouldn’t get wet.
Misusing “In order to” and “So as to”
Another frequent error is using “in order to” and “so as to” with a finite verb (a verb that shows tense).
Incorrect:
– She studied hard **in order to** she achieves her goals.
Correct:
– She studied hard **in order to** achieve her goals.
Forgetting the Gerund Form
When using “for the purpose of” and “with the intention of,” it is crucial to follow them with a gerund.
Incorrect:
– He attended the seminar **for the purpose of** learn new techniques.
Correct:
– He attended the seminar **for the purpose of** learning new techniques.
Practice Exercises
To solidify your understanding of conjunctions of purpose, try these practice exercises. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunction of purpose.
1. She is taking French classes _____ she can travel to France with ease.
2. He wore a hat _____ to protect himself from the sun.
3. They organized a fundraiser _____ of helping the local community.
4. The team worked overtime _____ to meet the deadline.
5. She moved to the coast _____ of finding a new perspective.
Answers
1. She is taking French classes **so that** she can travel to France with ease.
2. He wore a hat **in order** to protect himself from the sun.
3. They organized a fundraiser **for the purpose** of helping the local community.
4. The team worked overtime **so as** to meet the deadline.
5. She moved to the coast **with the intention** of finding a new perspective.
Advanced Usage and Nuances
As you become more comfortable with basic conjunctions of purpose, you can explore more advanced usages and nuances. Here are a few points to consider:
Combining Conjunctions of Purpose
Sometimes, you might need to combine conjunctions of purpose with other types of conjunctions to convey complex ideas. For instance, you can use “so that” in combination with “because” to explain both the purpose and the reason behind an action.
Example:
– She saved money **because** she wanted to travel, and she did it **so that** she could explore new cultures.
Using Synonyms for Variety
To avoid repetition and make your writing more engaging, you can use synonyms of conjunctions of purpose. For instance, instead of repeatedly using “so that,” you can use “in order to” or “so as to” where appropriate.
Example:
– He practiced daily **so that** he could improve.
– He practiced daily **in order to** improve.
– He practiced daily **so as to** improve.
Formal vs. Informal Contexts
Be mindful of the context in which you are writing or speaking. Conjunctions like “in order to” and “so as to” are more formal and are best suited for academic or professional settings. In contrast, “so that” is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Conclusion
Mastering conjunctions of purpose is crucial for clear and effective communication in English. These conjunctions help articulate the intent behind actions, adding depth and clarity to your sentences. By understanding their nuances and practicing their usage, you can enhance your writing and speaking skills significantly.
Remember to pay attention to the structure of sentences and the specific contexts in which these conjunctions are used. With practice and attention to detail, you’ll be able to use conjunctions of purpose with confidence and precision. Happy learning!
