Prepositions are small but mighty words in the English language. They can significantly impact the meaning of a sentence and are often used in fixed expressions. These fixed expressions are phrases or idioms where the preposition and the words around it always stay the same. Understanding these fixed expressions can be a game-changer for language learners, providing a deeper grasp of natural, fluent English. In this article, we’ll explore various prepositions with fixed expressions, breaking them down into categories and offering examples for better comprehension.
Understanding Fixed Expressions
Fixed expressions are combinations of words that have a specific meaning and are used in a particular way. These expressions are typically idiomatic, meaning their meaning cannot always be deduced from the individual words. For example, the phrase “in a nutshell” means to summarize something succinctly, and this meaning cannot be derived from the words “in,” “a,” and “nutshell” individually.
Mastering these expressions requires not just understanding each word but also recognizing how they function together. Let’s dive into some categories of fixed expressions with prepositions.
Fixed Expressions with “At”
The preposition “at” is often used in fixed expressions related to time, place, and state of being. Here are some common examples:
1. **At the moment**: This phrase means “right now” or “currently.”
– Example: “I can’t talk on the phone at the moment; I’m in a meeting.”
2. **At risk**: To be in a situation where something negative could happen.
– Example: “The company is at risk of going bankrupt.”
3. **At ease**: To feel comfortable or relaxed.
– Example: “He felt at ease during the interview.”
4. **At odds**: To be in disagreement.
– Example: “The two scientists are at odds about the results of the experiment.”
5. **At stake**: To be in a situation where something valuable might be lost.
– Example: “The future of the project is at stake.”
Fixed Expressions with “In”
The preposition “in” is frequently used in expressions related to time, states, and conditions. Here are some examples:
1. **In advance**: Before a particular time or event.
– Example: “You need to book your tickets in advance.”
2. **In charge of**: Responsible for something or someone.
– Example: “She is in charge of the marketing department.”
3. **In favor of**: Supporting a particular idea or person.
– Example: “The majority voted in favor of the new policy.”
4. **In the long run**: Over a long period of time.
– Example: “Investing in education will pay off in the long run.”
5. **In a nutshell**: To summarize something succinctly.
– Example: “In a nutshell, the project was a success.”
Fixed Expressions with “On”
“On” is another common preposition used in fixed expressions, often indicating time, state, or condition. Here are some notable examples:
1. **On purpose**: Intentionally or deliberately.
– Example: “He broke the vase on purpose.”
2. **On the verge of**: About to happen or very close to doing something.
– Example: “She was on the verge of tears.”
3. **On behalf of**: Representing someone or something.
– Example: “I am speaking on behalf of the entire team.”
4. **On hold**: Temporarily paused or delayed.
– Example: “The project is on hold until we get more funding.”
5. **On the lookout for**: Actively searching for something.
– Example: “She is on the lookout for a new job.”
Fixed Expressions with “For”
“For” is a versatile preposition that appears in many fixed expressions. Here are a few common ones:
1. **For good**: Permanently.
– Example: “He moved to Canada for good.”
2. **For the sake of**: For the purpose of achieving something.
– Example: “She gave up her career for the sake of her children.”
3. **For a change**: To do something different from what is usual.
– Example: “Let’s eat out for a change.”
4. **For the time being**: Temporarily.
– Example: “We will stay here for the time being.”
5. **For instance**: For example.
– Example: “Many fruits are high in vitamin C; for instance, oranges and strawberries.”
Fixed Expressions with “By”
The preposition “by” is often used in expressions denoting means or methods. Here are some examples:
1. **By accident**: Unintentionally.
– Example: “I met her by accident at the mall.”
2. **By all means**: Certainly or of course.
– Example: “If you want to join us, by all means, come along.”
3. **By chance**: Coincidentally or accidentally.
– Example: “We found the perfect house by chance.”
4. **By far**: To a great degree.
– Example: “This is by far the best restaurant in town.”
5. **By heart**: To memorize something perfectly.
– Example: “She knows the poem by heart.”
Fixed Expressions with “Out”
The preposition “out” can imply a movement away or a state of being outside. Here are some fixed expressions that use “out”:
1. **Out of order**: Not functioning properly.
– Example: “The coffee machine is out of order.”
2. **Out of the blue**: Unexpectedly.
– Example: “He called me out of the blue.”
3. **Out of stock**: Not available for sale.
– Example: “The toy is currently out of stock.”
4. **Out of reach**: Impossible to obtain or achieve.
– Example: “The goal seemed out of reach.”
5. **Out of the question**: Not possible or not allowed.
– Example: “Skipping the meeting is out of the question.”
Fixed Expressions with “Under”
The preposition “under” often conveys a sense of being beneath or subjected to something. Here are some examples of fixed expressions with “under”:
1. **Under the weather**: Feeling ill.
– Example: “I’m feeling a bit under the weather today.”
2. **Under pressure**: Experiencing stress due to demands or expectations.
– Example: “She performs well under pressure.”
3. **Under control**: Managed or contained.
– Example: “The situation is under control now.”
4. **Under construction**: In the process of being built or repaired.
– Example: “The new road is still under construction.”
5. **Under the impression**: Believing something that may not be true.
– Example: “I was under the impression that the meeting was at 2 PM.”
Tips for Learning Fixed Expressions
Mastering fixed expressions with prepositions can be challenging, but the following tips can make the learning process easier:
Contextual Learning
One of the most effective ways to learn fixed expressions is through contextual learning. Try to read or listen to English in various contexts, such as books, movies, news articles, and conversations. Pay attention to how fixed expressions are used naturally. Over time, you’ll start to recognize patterns and usage.
Use Flashcards
Flashcards can be a handy tool for memorizing fixed expressions. Write the expression on one side of the card and its meaning and an example sentence on the other side. Regularly review these flashcards to reinforce your memory.
Practice with Sentences
Creating your own sentences using fixed expressions can help solidify your understanding. Try to use these expressions in your writing and speaking practice. The more you use them, the more naturally they will come to you.
Engage in Conversations
Engaging in conversations with native speakers or other language learners can provide practical experience with fixed expressions. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes; practice is key to improvement.
Keep a Journal
Keeping a journal where you write down new expressions you encounter can be beneficial. Include their meanings and examples of how they are used. Review your journal regularly to keep these expressions fresh in your mind.
Conclusion
Prepositions with fixed expressions are a vital part of mastering fluent and natural English. Although they can be challenging due to their idiomatic nature, understanding and practicing them can significantly improve your language skills. By breaking them down into categories and using the tips provided, you can make the learning process more manageable and enjoyable. Happy learning!
