Learning to use prepositions with infinitives can be a challenging yet essential part of mastering the English language. While native speakers often use these constructions without a second thought, understanding the rules and nuances can be tricky for learners. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on how to correctly use prepositions with infinitives, complete with examples and explanations to help you grasp these concepts.
Understanding Infinitives
First, let’s clarify what we mean by an infinitive. An infinitive is the base form of a verb, usually preceded by the word “to.” For example, “to eat,” “to run,” and “to be” are all infinitives. Infinitives can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence. They can be the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb, or complement an adjective.
### Examples:
1. To learn is important. (subject)
2. She wants to dance. (object)
3. It’s easy to understand. (adjective complement)
Common Prepositions and Their Infinitive Forms
Certain prepositions are commonly followed by infinitives in English. Let’s explore some of these prepositions and their typical uses.
“To”
The preposition “to” is the most common preposition used with infinitives. It serves as a link between the main verb and the action described by the infinitive.
### Examples:
1. I hope to see you soon.
2. They decided to move to a new city.
3. She needs to finish her homework.
In these sentences, “to” acts as a bridge between the main verb and the action.
“About”
The preposition “about” is often used with infinitives to indicate the subject or topic of a conversation, thought, or action.
### Examples:
1. I was about to leave when she called.
2. He is excited about to start his new job.
In these sentences, “about” introduces an action that is imminent or related to the main subject.
“For”
The preposition “for” is used with infinitives to indicate purpose or reason.
### Examples:
1. This book is for you to read.
2. She went to the store for to buy some groceries.
In these cases, “for” explains the purpose of the action.
“In Order To”
The phrase “in order to” is a common prepositional phrase used to express purpose or intention. It is often interchangeable with “to” but can add emphasis.
### Examples:
1. She woke up early in order to catch the train.
2. They studied hard in order to pass the exam.
“In order to” adds a formal tone and highlights the purpose more explicitly.
When Not to Use Prepositions with Infinitives
While prepositions are often used with infinitives, there are cases where they are not necessary. Knowing when to avoid prepositions can be just as important as knowing when to use them.
### After Modal Verbs
Modal verbs (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would) are followed directly by the base form of the verb, without “to.”
### Examples:
1. She can swim very well.
2. He must finish his work.
Using “to” in these contexts would be incorrect.
### After Certain Verbs
Certain verbs are followed directly by the base form of the verb, without “to.” These include make, let, and help (in informal usage).
### Examples:
1. She made him apologize.
2. Let them enter the room.
In these cases, adding “to” would be grammatically incorrect.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Understanding common pitfalls can help you avoid mistakes. Here are some frequent errors learners make when using prepositions with infinitives:
### Incorrect Use of “To” with Modal Verbs
As mentioned earlier, modal verbs should not be followed by “to.” A common mistake is adding “to” after a modal verb.
### Incorrect:
1. She can to swim very well.
2. He must to finish his work.
### Correct:
1. She can swim very well.
2. He must finish his work.
### Confusing “For” with “To”
Learners sometimes confuse when to use “for” and “to” before an infinitive. Remember that “for” indicates purpose or reason, while “to” serves as a bridge between the main verb and the action.
### Incorrect:
1. She went to the store for buy some groceries.
### Correct:
1. She went to the store to buy some groceries.
### Overusing “In Order To”
While “in order to” is useful for emphasizing purpose, overusing it can make sentences sound formal and repetitive. Use it sparingly and opt for “to” when appropriate.
### Incorrect:
1. They woke up early in order to catch the bus.
2. She studied hard in order to pass the test.
### Correct:
1. They woke up early to catch the bus.
2. She studied hard to pass the test.
Advanced Considerations
Once you’re comfortable with basic usage, you can explore more advanced considerations. Here are some nuanced points to keep in mind.
Split Infinitives
A split infinitive occurs when an adverb is inserted between “to” and the verb. While traditional grammar rules advised against split infinitives, modern usage often accepts them, especially if they improve clarity or emphasis.
### Examples:
1. She wants to really understand the problem.
2. They decided to quickly finish the project.
While some purists may still frown upon split infinitives, they are generally accepted in contemporary English.
Infinitive Phrases
Infinitive phrases are groups of words that include an infinitive and any complements or modifiers. These phrases can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
### Examples:
1. To win the championship is their goal. (noun)
2. She has a book to read before bed. (adjective)
3. He went to the library to study. (adverb)
Understanding how to construct and use infinitive phrases can enhance your writing and speaking skills.
Negative Infinitives
To form a negative infinitive, place “not” before the infinitive.
### Examples:
1. She decided not to go to the party.
2. It’s important not to forget your keys.
Negative infinitives can be used in any context where a regular infinitive would be used.
Practical Exercises
To solidify your understanding, it’s crucial to practice. Here are some exercises to help you master prepositions with infinitives.
### Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition and infinitive form.
1. She went to the store _______ (buy) some milk.
2. He is excited _______ (start) his new job.
3. They woke up early _______ (catch) the train.
4. I was about _______ (leave) when she called.
### Exercise 2: Correct the Mistakes
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. She can to swim very well.
2. He must to finish his work.
3. She went to the store for buy some groceries.
4. They woke up early in order to catch the bus.
### Exercise 3: Create Sentences
Create sentences using the following prompts.
1. (purpose) She studied hard _______.
2. (imminent action) I was about _______.
3. (reason) This tool is for you _______.
4. (modal verb) He can _______.
Conclusion
Mastering the use of prepositions with infinitives can significantly improve your English proficiency. By understanding the rules and practicing regularly, you can use these constructions confidently and correctly. Remember to pay attention to common pitfalls and practice with exercises to reinforce your learning.
Whether you’re writing an essay, having a conversation, or reading a book, being aware of how to use prepositions with infinitives will make your communication clearer and more effective. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find these constructions becoming second nature. Happy learning!
