Reflexive pronouns are a fundamental part of English grammar. They are used to indicate that the subject of a sentence is also the object of the action. Mastering the use of reflexive pronouns can enhance your fluency and make your speech and writing more precise. This article will delve into the proper use of reflexive pronouns, providing clear explanations and examples to help you understand their role in English.
What Are Reflexive Pronouns?
Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. In English, the reflexive pronouns are:
– Myself
– Yourself
– Himself
– Herself
– Itself
– Ourselves
– Yourselves
– Themselves
These pronouns are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same person or thing. For example, in the sentence “I taught myself to play the guitar,” the pronoun “myself” refers back to the subject “I.”
When to Use Reflexive Pronouns
Understanding when to use reflexive pronouns correctly can sometimes be tricky. Here are some common situations where they are used:
1. When the Subject and Object Are the Same
This is the most straightforward use of reflexive pronouns. When the subject and object are the same person or thing, a reflexive pronoun is used.
Example:
– She prepared herself for the meeting.
– They amused themselves with the new game.
In these sentences, “herself” and “themselves” refer back to the subjects “She” and “They,” respectively.
2. For Emphasis
Reflexive pronouns can also be used to emphasize the subject of the sentence. This is often called the emphatic or intensive use of reflexive pronouns.
Example:
– I will do it myself.
– The president himself presented the award.
Here, “myself” and “himself” add emphasis to the subjects “I” and “The president,” highlighting that the action was performed by these individuals alone.
3. In Prepositional Phrases
Reflexive pronouns can be used in prepositional phrases to indicate that the subject is performing an action on itself.
Example:
– She looked at herself in the mirror.
– He talked to himself when he was nervous.
In these sentences, “herself” and “himself” show that the action of looking and talking is directed back at the subject.
4. In Fixed Expressions
Some reflexive pronouns appear in fixed expressions or idiomatic phrases.
Example:
– Behave yourself!
– Make yourself at home.
– Help yourself to some cookies.
In these expressions, the reflexive pronouns are part of idiomatic phrases that have specific meanings.
Common Mistakes with Reflexive Pronouns
Even native English speakers sometimes make mistakes with reflexive pronouns. Here are some common errors and how to avoid them:
1. Using a Reflexive Pronoun Instead of a Subject or Object Pronoun
A common mistake is using reflexive pronouns when a subject or object pronoun should be used.
Incorrect: John and myself went to the store.
Correct: John and I went to the store.
Incorrect: Please give the report to Sarah or myself.
Correct: Please give the report to Sarah or me.
In these cases, “I” and “me” are the correct pronouns because they are the subject and object of the sentences, respectively.
2. Using the Wrong Reflexive Pronoun
Another common mistake is using the wrong reflexive pronoun.
Incorrect: She gave the gift to hisself.
Correct: She gave the gift to himself.
Reflexive pronouns must match the subject in both number and gender.
Exercises for Practicing Reflexive Pronouns
To solidify your understanding of reflexive pronouns, it is helpful to practice using them in sentences. Here are some exercises to try:
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronoun:
1. I made this cake by ________.
2. She looked at ________ in the reflection.
3. We treated ________ to a nice dinner.
4. They found ________ lost in the city.
5. The cat cleaned ________ with its tongue.
Exercise 2: Correct the Sentences
Correct the following sentences by replacing the incorrect pronoun with the correct reflexive pronoun:
1. He hurt hisself while playing football.
2. The children can dress theirselves.
3. She bought a gift for myself.
4. You should take care of hisself.
5. We enjoyed ourself at the party.
Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences
Create five sentences using reflexive pronouns. Try to use them in different contexts, such as for emphasis, in prepositional phrases, and in fixed expressions.
Advanced Uses of Reflexive Pronouns
For those who are more advanced in their English studies, there are some nuanced uses of reflexive pronouns that can add depth to your understanding and usage.
1. Reflexive Pronouns in Passive Voice
Reflexive pronouns can be used in passive constructions to indicate that the subject is both performing and receiving the action.
Example:
– The book was written by the author himself.
In this sentence, “himself” emphasizes that the author personally wrote the book.
2. Reflexive Pronouns with Verbs That Do Not Require an Object
Some verbs do not typically require an object but can take a reflexive pronoun for emphasis or clarity.
Example:
– She prides herself on her achievements.
– He availed himself of the opportunity.
In these sentences, “herself” and “himself” clarify that the subject is the one taking pride or availing the opportunity.
3. Reflexive Pronouns in Comparative Structures
Reflexive pronouns can be used in comparative structures to emphasize that the comparison is being made to the subject.
Example:
– She is more confident than she was herself last year.
In this sentence, “herself” emphasizes the comparison to her own past state.
Tips for Mastering Reflexive Pronouns
To master the use of reflexive pronouns, consider the following tips:
1. Practice Regularly
Regular practice is key to mastering any aspect of language. Try to incorporate reflexive pronouns into your daily speech and writing.
2. Read Extensively
Reading extensively can help you see how reflexive pronouns are used in context. Pay attention to how they are used in books, articles, and other written materials.
3. Get Feedback
Ask for feedback from teachers, peers, or language exchange partners. They can help you identify any mistakes and improve your usage.
4. Use Language Learning Apps
Many language learning apps have exercises and quizzes that can help you practice reflexive pronouns. These can be a fun and interactive way to improve.
Conclusion
Reflexive pronouns are an essential part of English grammar. They are used to indicate that the subject and object of a sentence are the same and can also add emphasis or clarity. By understanding the rules and practicing regularly, you can master the use of reflexive pronouns and enhance your fluency in English. Remember to pay attention to common mistakes, and don’t hesitate to seek feedback or use additional resources to aid your learning journey. Happy studying!
