关系从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分，而在关系从句中，介词的使用常常让学习者感到困惑。本文将详细探讨关系从句中的介词，帮助学习者更好地理解和使用这种语法结构。
什么是关系从句？
关系从句（Relative Clause）是一种从句，它用来修饰一个名词或代词，从而提供更多的信息。关系从句通常由关系代词（如who, whom, whose, which, that）引导。例如：
– The book that I read last night was fascinating.
– The man who is standing over there is my uncle.
在这些例句中，关系从句“that I read last night”和“who is standing over there”分别修饰了名词“the book”和“the man”。
关系从句中的介词
在关系从句中，介词的位置和使用常常让人困惑。介词在关系从句中有两种常见的位置：前置和后置。
介词前置
介词前置是指介词放在关系代词之前。例如：
– The house in which she lives is very old.
– The company for which he works is very successful.
在这些例句中，介词“in”和“for”分别放在关系代词“which”之前。这种结构在正式写作中较为常见，显得更加正式和规范。
介词后置
介词后置是指介词放在关系从句的动词或动词短语之后。例如：
– The house which she lives in is very old.
– The company which he works for is very successful.
在这些例句中，介词“in”和“for”分别放在关系从句的动词“lives”和“works”之后。介词后置的结构在口语和非正式写作中更为常见。
介词前置与介词后置的区别
虽然介词前置和后置在语法上都是正确的，但它们在使用上有一些区别。
正式与非正式
如前所述，介词前置通常出现在正式写作中，如学术论文、正式信件等，而介词后置则更多地出现在口语和非正式写作中。
关系代词的省略
在介词后置的结构中，关系代词可以省略。例如：
– The house she lives in is very old.
– The company he works for is very successful.
在这些例句中，关系代词“which”被省略了，但句子的意思依然清楚。这种省略通常发生在口语中，使句子更简洁。
强调与突显
介词前置的结构可以使某些信息更加突显，从而加强语气。例如：
– The book of which the cover is red is mine.
在这个例句中，介词“of”前置，使得书的封面颜色这一信息更加突出。
常见的介词搭配
在关系从句中，有一些常见的介词搭配。这些搭配在实际使用中非常重要，需要记住。
关于人的介词搭配
– He is the man to whom I was speaking.
– She is the teacher with whom I studied.
在这些例句中，“to”和“with”分别用来搭配关系代词“whom”，表示与人的关系。
关于物的介词搭配
– This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
– The book from which I got the information is very old.
在这些例句中，“with”和“from”分别用来搭配关系代词“which”，表示与物的关系。
练习与应用
为了更好地掌握关系从句中的介词，学习者需要进行大量的练习。以下是一些练习题，帮助大家巩固所学知识。
练习题
1. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct preposition and relative pronoun.
– The school I go to is very big.
– The person I spoke with was very kind.
– The book I am reading from is very interesting.
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.
– The house ____ which she lives is very old.
– The company ____ which he works is very successful.
– The pen ____ which I wrote the letter is lost.
3. Translate the following sentences into English.
– 他是我在说话的人。
– 她是我学习的老师。
– 这是我用来写信的笔。
答案
1.
– The school to which I go is very big.
– The person with whom I spoke was very kind.
– The book from which I am reading is very interesting.
2.
– The house in which she lives is very old.
– The company for which he works is very successful.
– The pen with which I wrote the letter is lost.
3.
– He is the person to whom I was speaking.
– She is the teacher with whom I studied.
– This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
通过这些练习，学习者可以更好地掌握关系从句中的介词使用，提高自己的英语水平。
总结
关系从句中的介词使用是英语学习中的一个难点，但只要理解了介词前置和后置的区别，并通过大量练习加以巩固，学习者就能熟练掌握这一语法结构。希望本文的讲解和练习能对大家有所帮助，让我们一起加油吧！
